red. Cezary Biele, Janusz Kacprzyk, Jan Owsiński, Andrzej Romanowski, Marcin Sikorski
2021 Cham : Springer
This book presents the Proceedings of MIDI’2020 – 8th Machine Intelligence and Digital Interaction Conference, December 9–10, 2020, Warsaw, Poland, held online. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and its growing applications in many fields, such as intelligent voice assistants, e-commerce (chatbots) or navigation, make end users increasingly exposed to such systems. In a world where technological solutions based on artificial intelligence are created by people for people, the final success or failure of a newly created product depends on the focus on human needs. Therefore, it is important to integrate so far independent scientific areas: broadly defined artificial intelligence and human–technology interaction. This book is intended for specialists in the above fields and attempts to integrate the perspectives of engineers and social scientists. The book is a source of inspiration as well as practical and theoretical knowledge for all readers interested in new trends in the field of user-centered AI solutions.
https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783030747275?fbclid=IwAR1TPjpC6jkxqhS5JNyipT1zR2-ddTJK0pC-A5SadH-QlNFbg1YXlX5ieWw
Piotr Sobecki, Rafał Jóźwiak, Katarzyna Sklinda, Artur Przelaskowski
2021 Peer J, T. 9, e11006, s. 1-17
Background. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Currently, convolution neural networks (CNNs) are achieving remarkable success in various computer vision tasks, and in medical imaging research. Various CNN architectures and methodologies have been applied in the field of prostate cancer diagnosis. In this work, we evaluate the impact of the adaptation of a state-of-theart CNN architecture on domain knowledge related to problems in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The architecture of the final CNN model was optimised on the basis of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) standard, which is currently the best available indicator in the acquisition, interpretation, and reporting
of prostate multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) examinations.
Methods. A dataset containing 330 suspicious findings identified using mpMRI was used. Two CNN models were subjected to comparative analysis. Both implement the concept of decision-level fusion for mpMRI data, providing a separate network for each multi-parametric series. The first model implements a simple fusion of multiparametric features to formulate the final decision. The architecture of the second model reflects the diagnostic pathway of PI-RADS methodology, using information about a lesion’s primary anatomic location within the prostate gland. Both networks were experimentally tuned to successfully classify prostate cancer changes.
Results. The optimised knowledge-encoded model achieved slightly better classification results compared with the traditional model architecture (AUC = 0.84 vs. AUC = 0.82). We found the proposed model to achieve convergence significantly faster. Conclusions. The final knowledge-encoded CNN model provided more stable learning performance and faster convergence to optimal diagnostic accuracy. The results fail to demonstrate that PI-RADS-based modelling of CNN architecture can significantly improve performance of prostate cancer recognition using mpMRI.
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11006
Maciej Kopera, Elisa M. Trucco, Hubert Suszek, Paweł Kobyliński, Paweł Wiśniewski, Marcin Wojnar, Andrzej Jakubczyk
2021 Journal of Clinical Medicine, T. 10, z. 10, Art. no 1321
Previous work suggests that the association between pain and emotional processes among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) may differ from healthy controls. This study investigates whether pain sensitivity mediates the association between negative affect and emotional dysregulation and whether this association differs across AUD status using moderated mediation. The sample included 165 individuals diagnosed with AUD and 110 healthy controls. Of interest was pain sensitivity, as assessed with the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire, negative affect, as assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory, and emotional dysregulation, as assessed with the Difficulties in Emotional regulation Scale. Age, biological sex, and current pain severity were included as covariates. The results support a moderated partial mediation model that explained 44% of the variance in emotional dysregulation. The findings indicate that negative affect is related to higher pain sensitivity across groups. Moreover, pain sensitivity partially mediated the association between negative affect and emotional dysregulation, but in opposite directions depending on AUD status. Among healthy controls, greater pain sensitivity was related to better emotional regulation, while greater pain sensitivity led to greater emotional dysregulation among individuals with AUD. The potential parallels in the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of emotionality, pain, and AUD suggest that interventions targeting pain may improve adaptive affect regulation skills, which in turn could reduce negative affect and its effect on pain sensitivity among individuals with AUD.
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/6/1321
Marta Demkow-Jania, Maciej Kopera, Elisa M. Trucco, Paweł Kobyliński, Anna Klimkiewicz, Małgorzata Abramowska, Anna Mach, Andrzej Jakubczyk
2021 Journal of Clinical Medicine, T. 10, z. 5, Art. no 919.
Background: Associations between personality traits and problematic smartphone use (PSU) among individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) have not been widely investigated. The current study aims to assess whether SUD status moderates the association between personality traits and PSU. Methods: The study group included 151 individuals with SUD and a normative sample (NS) comprised of 554 non-SUD students. The following self-report questionnaires were used: the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS-10) to assess problematic smartphone use (PSU), the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) to assess intensity of internet use, and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) to assess Personality traits. Results: SUD status moderated the association between neuroticism and openness to new experiences on PSU. That is, greater neuroticism and openness were significantly associated with more excessive PSU among the NS. In the SUD group, greater openness was a significant protective factor against PSU. Moderation results were similar when using the IAT (which was significantly correlated with MPPUS) as an outcome. Conclusions: The presence of SUD may influence how personality traits are associated with problematic mobile phone/internet use. Given that this is among one of the first studies examining this topic, findings should be replicated with additional studies.
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/5/919/pdf
Andrzej Jakubczyk, Paweł Wiśniewski, Elisa M. Trucco, Paweł Kobyliński, Justyna Zaorska, Jakub Skrzeszewski, Hubert Suszek, Marcin Wojnar, Maciej Kopera
2021 Addictive Behaviors, T. 112, Art. 106607, s. 1-7
Background: Interoceptive accuracy and pain sensitivity are both risk factors in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, the synergistic association between these two factors has not been investigated in an AUD sample. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether the association between interoceptive accuracy and sensitivity to pain differed across AUD status.
Methods: The study group included 165 individuals diagnosed with AUD (88.1% men) and 110 healthy controls (HCs; 74.5% men). Interoceptive accuracy was assessed with the Schandry Task. The Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire was utilized to measure sensitivity to pain. Anxiety, biological sex, and age were included as covariates in a model examining the role of AUD status as a moderator in the association between interoceptive accuracy and pain sensitivity.
Results: A significant interaction was found between interoceptive accuracy and AUD status (b = −4.580, 95% CI = [−8.137, −1.022], p = 0.012, ΔR2 = 0.032). Findings indicate that interoceptive accuracy was negatively associated with pain sensitivity among individuals with AUD, while there was a trend for an opposite association among healthy controls.
Conclusion: We hypothesize that persistent alcohol drinking may contribute to disruption of the normative association between interoception and pain. Future studies should be conducted to develop knowledge on this association and to investigate its possible therapeutic significance and implications.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460320307371?via%3Dihub
Przemysław Grzegorzewski, Martyna Śpiewak
2021 W.: Uncertainty and Imprecision in Decision Making and Decision Support: New Challenges, Solutions and Perspectives : Selected Papers from BOS-2018, held on September 24-26, 2018, and IWIFSGN-2018, held on September 27-28, 2018 in Warsaw, Poland / Krassimir T. Atanassov, Vassia Atanassova, Janusz Kacprzyk, Andrzej Kaluszko, Maciej Krawczak, Jan W. Owsinski, Sotir Sotirov, Evdokia Sotirova, Eulalia Szmidt, Slawomir Zadrozny. Cham : Springer, s. 113-128.
The median two-sample test for the location problem is considered. We adopt this nonparametric test to interval-valued data perceived from the epistemic perspective, where the available observations are just interval-valued perceptions of the unknown true outcomes of the experiment. Unlike typical generalizations of statistical procedures into the interval-valued framework, the proposed test entails very low computational costs. However, the presence of interval-valued data results in set-valued p-value which leads no longer to a definite binary decision (reject or not reject the null hypothesis) but may indicate the abstention from making a final decision if the information is too vague.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-47024-1_13
Katarzyna Roguz, Laurence Hill, Sebastian Koethe, Klaus Lunau, Agata Roguz, Marcin Zych
2021 Scientific Reports, T. 11, z. 1, Art. no 11006
Visual floral characters play an important role in shaping plant-pollinator interactions. The genus Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae), comprising approximately 140 species, is described as displaying a remarkable variety of flower colours and sizes. Despite this variation in visual floral traits of fritillaries, little is known about the potential role of these features in shaping plant-pollinator interactions. Here, we seek to clarify the role of visual attraction in species offering a robust food reward for pollinators early in the spring, which is the case for Fritillaria. We also searched for potential tendencies in the evolution of floral traits crucial for plant-pollinator communication. The generality of species with green and purple flowers may indicate an influence of environmental factors other than pollinators. The flowers of the studied species seem to be visible but not very visually attractive to potential pollinators. The food rewards are hidden within the nodding perianth, and both traits are conserved among fritillaries. Additionally, visual floral traits are not good predictors of nectar properties. When in the flowers, pollinators are navigated by nectar guides in the form of contrasting nectary area colouration. Flower colour does not serve as a phenotypic filter against illegitimate pollinators—red and orange bird-pollinated fritillaries are visible to bees. © 2021, The Author(s).
http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-90140-7.pdf
Grzegorz Banerski, Katarzyna Abramczuk, Cezary Biele
2020 SAFETY SCIENCE, T. 132, s. 104961
A common problem in crisis situations is the unwillingness of the local communities to undertake individual safety measures. This study examined whether the motivation of the local population can be increased if 3D animation are used for visualization of the potential disaster scenarios. Furthermore, the study aimed at finding out how the use of such material affects the ability of the audience to remember what preventive actions should be taken.
As part of the experiment, three versions of a video message about flood threat were prepared: a video limited to the presenter with no additional elements in the background, a classic TV-like video message format, and a video featuring 3D visualisations of the consequences of flooding. The videos were presented to groups of subjects who live in flood-prone areas. Protection Motivation Theory was used as the experiment’s framework.
We found that the type of warning message did not influence the level of acquired knowledge of protective actions. Important differences were found in the structure of the determinants of self-protective motivation across the groups. The group that watched the 3D enhanced video was the only one in which the more emotional cognitive path of threat appraisal had a significant impact on the level of motivation. As regards the level of motivation to take protective actions, the observed effects were more complex than expected. The paper discusses the potential impact of the results on efficient risk communication design and the usefulness of the use of 3D animation in warning messages.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753520303581?via%3Dihub#!
Sławomir Dadas, Jarosław Protasiewicz
2020 IEEE Access, T. 8, s. 135091 - 135102
Nested named entity recognition (NER) is a special case of structured prediction in which annotated sequences can be contained inside each other. It is a challenging and significant problem in natural language processing. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for nested named entity recognition tasks. Our approach is based on a deep learning model which can be called in an iterative way, expanding the set of predicted entity mentions with each subsequent iteration. The proposed framework combines two such models trained to identify named entities in different directions: from general to specific ( outside-in ), and from specific to general ( inside-out ). The predictions of both models are then aggregated by a selection policy. We propose and evaluate several selection policies which can be used with our algorithm. Our method does not impose any restrictions on the length of entity mentions, number of entity classes, depth, or structure of the predicted output. The framework has been validated experimentally on four well-known nested named entity recognition datasets: GENIA, NNE, PolEval, and GermEval. The datasets differ in terms of domain (biomedical, news, mixed), language (English, Polish, German), and the structure of nesting (simple, complex). Through extensive tests, we prove that the approach we have proposed outperforms existing methods for nested named entity recognition.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3011598
Jarosław Protasiewicz
2020 W: International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) / Imran Razzak, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, Antonella Santone, Xiuwen Liu, J. Parker Mitchell et all ; Piscataway: IEEE, s. 1-6
2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. Glasgow, 2020-07-19 - 2020-07-24
The aim of this study is to propose a neural toolbox for electricity consumption prediction. The toolkit covers the implementation of three artificial neural networks, namely: (i) a multi-layered perceptron network; (ii) a radial basis function network; and (iii) a self-organising map. Moreover, the toolbox includes tools known as metamodels, which allow easy use of these networks for forecasting. There are two prediction systems, namely: (i) serially connected models; and (ii) a two-levelled structure containing a classifier and a set of parallel models. They have been validated experimentally in the task of electricity consumption prediction. The results and flexibility of use suggest that the neural toolbox should help users to develop prediction systems of electricity consumption more conveniently, as it is designed for that particular purpose. The toolbox has been developed as open source – no commercial software is required to use it.
http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx7/9200848/9206590/09206996.pdf?arnumber=9206996